{"id":399,"date":"2021-01-06T10:17:05","date_gmt":"2021-01-06T15:17:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/2020.rsjh.ca\/?page_id=399"},"modified":"2023-10-25T14:46:54","modified_gmt":"2023-10-25T19:46:54","slug":"aerosol-lab","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/reports.rsjh.ca\/2022\/our-stories\/aerosol-lab\/","title":{"rendered":"Healing Mists"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row][vc_column][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;24&#8243;]<h2 id=\"et-animated-title-1\" class=\"et-animated-title et-clearfix  curtain curtain-left\" data-mobile-font=\"inherit\" data-tablet-font=\"inherit\" data-delay=\"0\" style=\"font-weight:700;color:#212121;\"><span class=\"text-wrapper\"><span class=\"text\">The Aerosol Lab<\/span><span class=\"curtain\" style=\"background-color:#00a7e1;\"><\/span><\/span><\/h2>[vc_empty_space height=&#8221;32&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Aerosol science has been a mainstay of respiratory research at St. Joseph\u2019s Healthcare Hamilton for decades thanks to the work of some incredibly talented clinicians, scientists, and engineers.<\/strong> As the Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health approaches its 45<sup>th<\/sup> anniversary, we\u2019re reflecting on some major achievements from the Firestone\u2019s Aerosol Research Laboratory.<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column animation_delay=&#8221;0&#8243; width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1695227759068{margin-right: 20px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h3>An Early Milestone<\/h3>\n<p>In the late 1970s, a team of aerosol researchers were working on methods to improve the efficacy and safety of metered dose inhalers (MDIs), used to treat a variety of airway diseases such as asthma, COPD, and others. Their solution to the challenges presented by early inhalers was to design and validate a new medical device called a valved holding chamber, or spacer.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Spacers work by separating the inhaler process into two discrete steps. First, the user releases the medication into the spacer chamber via the one-way valve where the useful portion is retained. Then the user can inhale the medication when they are ready and at their preferred pace. By slowing down the speed of the aerosol coming from the inhaler, the device effectively increases the amount of medication in smaller particles through the physical mechanisms of evaporation and impaction. It is this finer aerosol that makes it into the lungs instead of hitting the back of the throat. For patients taking inhaled corticosteroids, long-term use of the spacer led to a decrease in oral fungal infections (thrush).<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;1638&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1695327172315{margin-top: 20px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column_text]<b><i>A schematic drawing of the AeroChamber device.<\/i><\/b>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1695327164890{margin-top: -60px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column animation_delay=&#8221;0&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1695227759068{margin-right: 20px !important;}&#8221;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;1640&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221;][\/vc_column][vc_column animation_delay=&#8221;0&#8243; width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1695327031683{margin-left: 20px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These devices are particularly helpful for those who are unable to take deep breaths, as well as those who are unable to synchronize their breathing with the release of medication from the inhaler. The design was first described in 1980 in the journal <em>American Review of Respiratory Diseases<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>Now sold by Trudell Medical Group, their invention has since become known globally as the AeroChamber\u00ae. This device continues to benefit patients, helping them successfully take aerosol medications for the treatment of asthma, COPD, and other respiratory diseases.<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;60px&#8221;][vc_column_text]<em><strong>(Left) A gamma camera (scintiscan) was used to show the relative particle distribution after inhaling from a metered-dose inhaler alone (left column) compared to an MDI with the AeroChamber (right column). The top and bottom rows are comparing healthy lungs versus the lungs of patients with COPD. Outlines of the head and lungs are superimposed over the photos.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #808080;\">(Source: Dolovich, M., Ruffin, R., Corr, D., &amp; Newhouse, M. T. (1983). Clinical evaluation of a simple demand inhalation MDI aerosol delivery device. <i>Chest<\/i>, <i>84<\/i>(1), 36\u201341.<span style=\"color: #99ccff;\"> <a style=\"color: #99ccff;\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1378\/chest.84.1.36\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1378\/chest.84.1.36<\/a><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #808080;\">)<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=&#8221;stretch_row_content&#8221; content_placement=&#8221;middle&#8221; disable_element=&#8221;yes&#8221; parallax=&#8221;true&#8221; parallax_image=&#8221;1646&#8243;][vc_column][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;750&#8243;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row disable_element=&#8221;yes&#8221;][vc_column][vc_column_text css_animation=&#8221;slideInRight&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1695666224371{background-color: #ffffff !important;}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><em><strong>An early model AeroChamber (left) and a modern design (right). The yellow version is built for infants and small children.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_single_image image=&#8221;1645&#8243; img_size=&#8221;large&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221;][vc_column_text css_animation=&#8221;slideInRight&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1695666224371{background-color: #ffffff !important;}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><em><strong>An early model AeroChamber (left) and a modern design (right). The yellow version is built for infants and small children.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h3>The Aerosol School<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In 2009, Myrna Dolovich was having difficulty finding technicians qualified to work in the Aerosol Lab. An engineer by training, Dolovich conducts research focused on inhalation therapy and drug delivery devices for medical aerosols \u2013 medicines that prevent, treat, or assess lung diseases such as tuberculosis, asthma, COPD, and others.<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;1580&#8243; img_size=&#8221;large&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221;][vc_column_text]<em><strong>Dolovich leads a workshop during the Aerosol School in St. Joe\u2019s Campbell Auditorium.<\/strong><\/em>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column animation_delay=&#8221;0&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1695227624919{margin-left: 20px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Recognizing the need for basic training in pharmaceutical aerosols, she set to work organizing a course to teach this needed skillset. With faculty composed of Canadian and American aerosol experts from academia and the pharmaceutical industry, the Aerosol School was born.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Aerosol School is a three-day teaching program, led by Myrna Dolovich, that offers expert training and information in the field of medical aerosols.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The course teaches a range of measurements, techniques, and approaches to drug development and inhaler design used in academic and pharmaceutical industry laboratories. The participants also explore clinical applications ranging from the ambulatory settings to critical care.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">From there, says Dolovich, \u201cthey should be able to take the next steps on their own.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Now in its eleventh year, the Aerosol school has over 250 students from around the world who have completed the training. By fostering a unique learning environment, Dolovich is helping to ensure that aerosol research in medicine thrives.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1695225374650{padding-right: 24px !important;}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h3>Inhaled Vaccines<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When the COVID-19 pandemic hit, researchers around the world began working on new vaccines to boost immunity and ultimately save lives. Vaccines can made using new technologies, like mRNA, were seen alongside more common methods, such as viral vector, live attenuated, and inactivated vaccines. There are other variations as well, such as the delivery method \u2013 intra-muscular injection has been common for COVID-19 and many other vaccines, but what if you could deliver a vaccine to where it was needed most?<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=&#8221;stretch_row_content&#8221; full_height=&#8221;yes&#8221; content_placement=&#8221;bottom&#8221; parallax=&#8221;true&#8221; parallax_image=&#8221;1579&#8243;][vc_column][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;750&#8243;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text css_animation=&#8221;slideInRight&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1695321968076{background-color: #ffffff !important;}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><em><strong>Myrna Dolovich in her laboratory at St. Joe\u2019s.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The respiratory mucosal immune system is the body\u2019s first line of defence for airborne pathogens. Because of this, researchers have been working on methods to deliver vaccines directly into the lungs.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Prior to the pandemic, researchers at McMaster University, including scientists at the Firestone\u2019s Aerosol Lab, were working on an inhaled vaccine for tuberculosis. They conducted a Phase 1B clinical trial examining the efficacy and safety of a low-dose and high-dose inhaled vaccine, compared to the same vaccine given by intra-muscular injection.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dolovich worked to characterize the aerosol device and droplets for the study, which found that a low-dose aerosol vaccine is a superior way to elicit immunity against tuberculosis. Researchers have since demonstrated that other respiratory pathogens, such as COVID-19, have similar benefits when using an inhaled vaccine as compared to an intra-muscular injection.<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As of November 2022, researchers at McMaster are developing a second-generation COVID-19 inhaled vaccine, with help from clinicians, scientists, and engineers at the Firestone Institute.<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_separator][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;16&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Whether it\u2019s developing medical devices that improve safety and efficacy of inhaled medications, training the next generation of scientists on the intricacies of aerosol research, or working with partners at McMaster and beyond to develop ground-breaking vaccines for respiratory diseases, the Aerosol Research Laboratory continues to contribute to medical advancements in respirology.<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/4&#8243;][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;1654&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221;][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/4&#8243;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;16&#8243;][vc_separator][vc_empty_space][vc_icon icon_fontawesome=&#8221;fas fa-book-reader&#8221; color=&#8221;custom&#8221; size=&#8221;xl&#8221; align=&#8221;center&#8221; custom_color=&#8221;#008b77&#8243; link=&#8221;url:%2F2022%2Four-stories%2F|title:Our%20Stories&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"\/2022\/our-stories\/\"><em>Return to Our Stories<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row][vc_column][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;24&#8243;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;32&#8243;][vc_column_text] Aerosol science has been a mainstay of respiratory research at St. Joseph\u2019s Healthcare Hamilton for decades thanks to the work of some incredibly talented clinicians, scientists, and engineers. As the Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health approaches its 45th anniversary, we\u2019re reflecting on some major achievements from the Firestone\u2019s Aerosol Research Laboratory. [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":893,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-vc.php","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-399","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/reports.rsjh.ca\/2022\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/399","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/reports.rsjh.ca\/2022\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/reports.rsjh.ca\/2022\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/reports.rsjh.ca\/2022\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/reports.rsjh.ca\/2022\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=399"}],"version-history":[{"count":17,"href":"https:\/\/reports.rsjh.ca\/2022\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/399\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1759,"href":"https:\/\/reports.rsjh.ca\/2022\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/399\/revisions\/1759"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/reports.rsjh.ca\/2022\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/893"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/reports.rsjh.ca\/2022\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=399"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}